Objective We expect to have a profound understanding of refractory high intracranial pressure after traumatic brain injury by making a reproducible animal model in dogs experimentally.Method Ten adult dogs were used to make acute epidural balloon compression and decompression models.Changes in mean arterial blood pressure,intracranial pressure and electroencephalography activity were evaluated during the whole compression and three hours after decompression course.Results ( 1 )The mean arterial blood pressure (97.5 ± 7.8 ) mmHg and brain temperature ( 35.6 ± 0.36 ) ℃ had significant increase( P =0.023) and decrease( P ＜ 0.05) respectively in the moment of maximum balloon volume comparing their baseline level ( 83.7 ± 13.0 ) mmHg,( 36.8 ± 0.30 ) ℃.( 2 ) With increase of the balloon volume,ICP rose gradually with cerebral perfusion pressure inversely changed.( 3 ) During decompression,a secondary refractory high intracranial pressure similar to that of balloon compression period occurred (62.2 ± 6.6 ) mmHg.Conclusions Our experiment basically produced a dog model of refractory high intracranial pressure after traumatic brain injury which is similar to the human head injury.It has good reliability and reproducibility.Monitoring of various physiological parameters can provide reasonable evidences for a deeper understanding of its pathogenesis.