Objective To screen microRNA related biomarkers of traumatic coma through profile array determination from the cerebral spinal fluid.Methods Patients of severe traumatic brain injury were recruited following critical evaluation and the cerebral spinal fluids were detected for the expression of microRNA(s) compared with normal pressure.Results Significant differencesin micro RNAexpressions were identified in the cerebral spinal fluid of severely injured patients who were still in the comatose state two weeks after the traumatic insult.10 microRNAs were found with high expression and 4 microRNAs with decreased expression P ＜ 0.05.Conclusions MicroRNAs detected in the cerebral spinal fluid of severe traumatic coma patients may indicate a unique subtype of biomarker related with unconsciousness as a consequence of brain trauma,not only to the end of understanding the mechanism but the therapeutic target as well.