Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of simultaneous transurethral resection (TUR) of a bladder tumor and the prostate in the treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Methods Patients were divided into two groups.Group A contained 46 male patients who accepted TUR for the treatment of both bladder cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia.Group B contained 69 male patients who accepted TURBt only.Clinical data were retrospectively collected and analyzed to compare clinical outcomes and safety in these two groups.Results The bladder cancer recurrence rates in group A and B were 50.0％ and 50.7％,the average recurrence free time was 20 and 18 months,and the progression rates were 6.5％ and 7.2％,respectively.There were no significant differences between the two groups for either average recurrence free time or progression rates (P ＞ 0.05).Recurrences in the prostatic urethra were found in two cases in group A and one case in group B and all three cases were in T1 G3.Conclusions Simultaneous TUR for bladder tumor and the prostate can be safely and effectively performed in terms of oncologica] control in patients who have non-muscle invasive and low grade bladder tumors ( T1G1 - G2 ) with lower urinary tract obstruction caused by BPH.But this procedure should be cautiously performed on patients with T1 G3 bladder tumors.