In order to provide valuable information for the diagnosis and treatment of allergic diseases, the prevalence and trend changes of common allergens in Beijing were investigated and analyzed.

This study was a retrospective data collection study. A total of 11 641 patients with allergen examinations were collected from Peking University First Hospital from 2013 to 2017. The positive rate of each allergen was counted according to age, season and year. The epidemiological characteristics and trends were analyzed.

In the past five years, 20 636 total IgE and 45 620 allergen-specific IgE were collected, and the total positive rate of total IgE was 47.8% (9 874/20 636). The top three positive rates of inhaled allergens were Dermatophagoides farina (28.1%, 509/1 812), Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (26.8%, 503/1 876) and Mugwort (24.7%, 240/971). The top three positive rates of food allergen were egg (17.3%, 188/10 88), milk (16.7%, 186/1 114) and wheat (15.3%, 127/829). The positive rate of inhaled allergens (phad as an example) increased year by year. The positive rate of food allergens (fx5 as an example) reached its peak in 2015 (16.3%, 511/3 139) and decreased slightly in the last two years (2016: 13.0%, 571/4 396; 2017: 7.4%, 330/4 461). In inhaled allergens, the positive rate of weed pollen increased significantly in autumn. The positive rates of mx2 and dust mites were higher in summer. Food allergen did not change significantly with the seasons.

This study shown the distribution of allergens in patients with allergic diseases to a certain extent. It provided epidemiological data and clinical evidence for the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases.

Hypersensitivity; Allergens; Incidence; Age factors; Seasons