Poisoning
Experimental study on acute hepatotoxicity in beagles induced by Amanita exitialis
Sun Jian, Zhang Hongshun, Niu Yumin, Zhang Yutao, Li Haijiao, Zhou Jing, Ma Peibin, Sun Chengye
Published 2016-12-10
Cite as Chin J Emerg Med, 2016,25(12): 1263-1268. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1671-0282.2016.12.011
Abstract
ObjectiveTo establish acute hepatotoxic model induced by Amanita exitialis and to study the characteristics of acute toxic liver failure induced by mushrooms containing peptide toxins, in hope for providing some help to experimental research on poisoning induced by mushrooms containing peptide toxins.
MethodsUPLC-MS/MS(Ultra performance liquid chromatography- tandem mass spectrometry) method was used to detect peptide toxins in Amanita exitialis. To establish acute toxic liver hepatic failure model, the beagles were fed with 60 mg/kg of lyophilized powder of Amanita exitialis fungus which encapsulated in starch capsules. Toxic sighs were observed, coagulation function, hepatic and renal function, liver histopathological morphology, peptide toxin concentration in plasma and urine were detected during the experiment.
ResultsTotal peptide toxins in Amanita exitialis was (3 482.6 ± 124.94) mg/kg. All the beagles had toxic signs including vomiting and diarrhea in 12-48 h after ingestion. On 24 h after ingestion, the beagles’ ALT, AST, TBIL, ALP, PT and APTT levels increased obviously. On 36 h after ingestion, the beagles’ ALT, AST, PT and APTT values reached their peaks (ALT: 283.2±112.9 Kallmann unit; AST: 223.9±93.8 Kallmann units; PT: 132.9±152.6 s; APTT: 131.4±153.9 s). On 48 h after ingestion, the beagles’ TBIL and ALP levels reached their peaks (TBIL: 23.3±14.6 mol/L; ALP: 274.5±115.5 U/L). The beagles’ TBIL, TP and APTT returned to normal 1 week after ingestion, their ALT, AST and ALP levels returned to normal 3 weeks after ingestion. Three dogs died during 24-72 h after ingestion. Liver histopathological morphology study showed hemorrhagic necrosis of hepatocytes. Peptide toxins can be detected in plasma within 24 h after ingestion. Peptide toxins can be detected in urine within 96 h after ingestion.
ConclusionAmanita peptide toxins can cause hemorrhagic necrosis of liver cells and lead to acute liver failure. This model is consistent with clinical pathophysiological process of acute toxic liver failure induced by mushrooms containing peptide toxins, and it can be applied to the study of diagnosis and treatment of poisoning induced by mushrooms containing peptide toxins.
Key words:
Mushroom poisoning; Amanita exitialis; Amanita peptide toxins; Beagles; Hepatotoxicity; Hemorrhagic necrosis of liver cells; Acute hepatic failure; Toxin detection; Model
Contributor Information
Sun Jian
Poison Control Department of National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
Zhang Hongshun
Poison Control Department of National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
Niu Yumin
Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China
Zhang Yutao
Poison Control Department of National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
Li Haijiao
Poison Control Department of National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
Zhou Jing
Poison Control Department of National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
Ma Peibin
Poison Control Department of National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
Sun Chengye
Poison Control Department of National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
