Objective To investigate the neuroprotective effects of BDNF-PTD fusion protein on rats with focal cerebral ischcmia. Methods We divided the SD rats into BDNF-PTD fusion protein-treated group,blank model group,negative control group and normal group(n=5).Middle cerebral arterial occlusion(MCAO)models were established by suture methods.BDNF-PTD was intraperitoneally injected into the BDNF-PTD fusion protein-treated group at a dosage of 50 μg(50 μg/mL)and negative control group was injected 1 mL saline 1 h after the success of model making.The deficit of nerve function was eveluated by Bederson score.Brain slices were stained by TTC and the area of infaretion was measured and analyzed by image J software. Results Neurologic impairment in the BDNF-PTD fusion protein-treated group was not statistically obvious(P>0.05);while its Bederson scores was significantly lower as compared with those in the blank model group and negative control group (P<0.05).TTC staining showed that the ischemic area in the BDNF-PTD fusion protein-treated group was significantly decreased as compared with that in the blank model group and negative control group (P<0.05). Conclusion BDNF-PTD fusion protein can play a neuroprotective effect on the neuron after cerebral ischemia through the blood-brain barrier and its biological effects.