Objective To investigate the possible microstructural abnormalities of the cerebral white matter and its dynamic changes in patients with migraine without aura before and after treatment.Methods Diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DT-MRI) was carried out before drug treatment in 32 patients with migraine without aura (case group) and 32 age-and sex-matched healthy controls (control group) who were collected in our hospital from July 1,2010 to June 30,2011.DT-MRI was also carried out in case group 6 and 12 months after treatment.Fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were measured at genu,body,and splenium of the corpus callosum (CC),respectively.Results (1) The FA values at the genu,body,and splenium of the CC from patients with migraine without aura before treatment were significantly lower than those in the controls (P＜0.05).The FA values at the genu and body of the CC 6 months after treatment increased significantly as compared with those before treatment (P＜0.05).The FA values at the genu,body,and splenium of the CC 12 months after treatment were significantly higher than those before treatment and 6 months after treatment (P＜0.05).(2) The ADC values at the genu,body,and splenium of the CC were not significantly different between the two groups at each time point before and after treatment (P＞0.05).(3) There were negative correlations between disease course and FA values at the genu,body,and splenium of the CC (r=-0.850,P=0.000; r=-0.856,P=0.000; r=-0.430,P=0.014).Negative correlations were also found between headache frequency and FA values at the genu,body,and splenium of the CC before treatment and 6 months after treatment (r=-0.824,P=0.000; r=-0.792,P=0.000; r=-0.425,P=0.015),and between headache frequency and FA values at the genu and body of the CC 12 months after treatment (r=-0.452,P=0.009; r=-0.440,P=0.012).Conclusion There might be an integrity change ofneurofibrotic microstructures in the CC in patients with migraine without aura,which may be reversible through effective treatment and these changes can be detected dynamically by DT-MRI,which is worth widely popularization and application.