To analysis the changes of viral load (VL) and the effects of maternal and child block among HIV positive maternal women participated in high active antiviral therapy (HARRT).

From 2013 to 2016, 101 HIV-infected maternal women receiving HARRT treatment and their babies from Lingshan County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region were recruited and were groups into treatment at delivery group (12 cases) and treatment before and during pregnancy group (89 cases) based on starting time of antiviral treatment. VLs were tested at the time of entering groups, 12 months after delivery. The difference between VLs at the time of entering group and 12 months after delivery were compared. Vertical transmission rates and ratios of adverse outcome among newborns in both groups were estimated.

The ages of 101 HIV-infected maternal women were from 19 to 38 years old. The M (P₂₅, P₇₅) of VL at the time of entering group and 12 months after delivery in treatment at delivery group were 8 233 (312, 33 187) and 384 (50, 3 788) copies /mL, respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant (Z=-1.51, P=0.131). In treatment before and during pregnancy group, VL at the time of entering group was 280 (50, 3 600) copies /mL and was higher than the VL of 50 (50, 193) copies/mL at 12 months after delivery (Z =-4.60, P < 0.01). All infants were followed for 18 months. No infant in treatment before and during pregnancy group was infected and the transmission rate was 33.33% in treatment at delivery group. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.01).

HIV-infected maternal women receiving HARRT at early stage of pregnancy will decrease the viral load and the risk of mother-infant transmission more efficiently than those who received urgent treatment at delivery. HIV-infected maternal women should receive antiviral therapy as early as possible.

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; HIV seropositivity; Viral load; Maternal women; High active antiviral therapy