Endogenous endophthalmitis (EE) is intraocular infection results from hematogenous seeding of the eye by bacteria or fungi. Visual outcome was poor in the majority of cases and mortality rate were frequently observed. Because multiple pathogenetic factors play a role, immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients both have the risk of EE.Lack of characteristic features in clinical manifestations that require rapid diagnosis and treatment to save vision. Cultures of the vitreous, aqueous, blood cultures and molecular diagnostic techniques, those have been used in research laboratories for rapid diagnosis are still being explored. Treatment essential for endogenous endophthalmitis are systemic therapy for the underlying infection and intravitreal antibiotics simultaneously, some cases also benefit from a surgical vitrectomy. Integration of medicine provides the reasonable management for EE patients. (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2018, 42: 329-337)

endogenous endophthalmitis; endogenous bacterial endophthalmitis; endogenous fungal endophthalmitis; molecular diagnostic techniques