Objective To study the cost-effectiveness and quality of life on different treatment protocols for patients with peptic ulcer. Methods 165 patients of helicobacter pylori positive peptic ulcer were divided into three groups randomly, Group A: 55 cases ( Omeprazole Capsules + Amoxycillin Capsules + Furazolidone Tablets). Group B: 55 cases (Esomeprazole + Amoxycillin Capsules + Clarithromycin Tablets). Group C:55 cases (Bismuth Postassium Citrate Capsules + Amoxycillin Capsules + Metronidazole Tablets). The treatment course of each group was four weeks. We studied the HP eradication and response rate of ulcer, evaluated three treatment protocols by cost-effectiveness analysis of pharmacoeconomics and appraised patients' quality of life through QLICD-PU before and after three 、six months treatment separately. Results The cost-effectiveness comparison of three groups indicated that the comparative difference of Group A and B had no statistical significance, but the two groups had one more unit of curative effect than Group C. The cost of Group B was obviously less than that of Group A. While Group C compared with Group A and B, the difference had obvious statistical significance ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). The comparison of life quality score of three group indicated that difference of Group A and B had no statistical significance, while Group C compared with Group A and B, the difference had obvious statistical significance ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusion The comparison of cost-effectiveness and quality of life of three group showed that the treatment protocol of Group B had best curative effect. It is cost-effective and can improve patients' life quality.