Objective To analyze the risk factors and mortality of patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD).Methods A retrospective analysis was performed in 153 patients receiving CAPD for ＞6 months The Third Hospital,Hebei Medical University,between 1997 and 2011.The impact of clinical indices on the prognosis were determined via Cox regression analysis.Results Of all the primary causes,diabetic nephropathy (72.09％,31/43) accounted for the highest proportion,followed by ischemic nephropathy (60.00％,6/10).The cause of death was predominated by heart failure (28.99％,20/69),followed by cerebrovascular events (17.39％,12/69).The patients who subsequently died were featured by impressively lower levels of hemoglobin,serum albumin and total Kt/V,and considerably higher levels of pulse pressure,serum phosphate,and parathyroid hormone (all P＜0.05).Age,total Kt/V,serum phosphorus,hemoglobin and serum albumin yielded an OR of 1.188,0.798,2.308,2.102 and 0.898 in dead patients although having received CAPD for ＞6 months (all P＜0.05),as suggested by Cox regression analysis.Conclusion Cardiocerebro vascular event is the leading cause of death in CAPD patients,while age,total Kt/V,serum phosphorous,hemoglobin and serum albumin are independent risk factors of mortality in patients initially received CAPD.