Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of ibandronate in peritoneal dialysis patients with osteoporosis.Methods In this self-controlled study,the changes in bone mineral density (BMD) of the femoral neck measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry,biochemistry and nutritional indices were determined before and after ibandronate treatment in peritoneal dialysis patients.Results The treatment of ibandronate resulted in substantially increased BMD [T =-2.65±0.5 vs-2.97±0.5,P ＜ 0.05; Z=-1.88±0.67 vs-2.02±0.58,P ＜ 0.05].There was a pronounced increase in the body-mass index and the levels of prealbumin and albumin.The pre-and post-treatment difference in serum calcium,serum phosphate,bone alkaline phosphate,iPTH and Kt/V was unremarkable.No serious adverse event was reported.Conclusion Short-term treatment with ibandronate may ameliorate osteoporosis and can be well tolerated in peritoneal dialysis patients.