Objective To investigate the influence of musical therapy combined with behavioral training on rehabilitation of patients with chronic schizophrenia.Methods One hundred and two patients with chronic schizophrenia were randomly divided into two groups.Patients in both groups received routine antipsychotics treatment,routine work,recreational therapy and nursing care.While the patients in research group were given musical therapy and behavioral training for six months in addition.Before and after 6 months training,the patients in the two groups were evaluated by the nurses' observation scale (NOSIE) for inpatient evaluation.Results After training,the general scores of NOSIE and social ability,social interest and individual neat of the NOSIE in both groups elevated,but those in research group were higher than those in control group (P ＜0.05 or 0.01) ; scores of negative factor such as irritability,psychotic manifest and retardation were lower after treatment,and those in research group were lower than those in control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Musical therapy combined with behavioral training can effectively relieve mental symptoms,improve social function,quality of life and social adaptation,and has notable promotive effect on the rehabilitation of patients.