Original Article
Influence of parental smoking on glucose metabolism among children and adolescents: the Beijing Child and Adolescent Metabolic Syndrome Study
Li Yu, Li Ming, Li Ge, Fu Junling, Wang Dongmei, Wu Yunpeng, Li Lujiao, Gao Shan, Mi Jie, Xiao Xinhua
Published 2019-08-27
Cite as Chin J Diabetes Mellitus, 2019,11(8): 524-529. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-5809.2019.08.005
Abstract
ObjectiveTo explore the effects of parental smoking (passive smoking) on glucose metabolism in children and adolescents.
MethodsA total of 3 510 subjects (including 1 577 boys and 1 573 girls) aged 6-18 years were recruited from the cohort of the Beijing Child and Adolescent Metabolic Syndrome (BCAMS) Study. Self-reported information on parental smoking, family history of diabetes mellitus, lifestyle and social-economic factors were collected by questionnaire. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and fasting insulin were measured and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated to estimate insulin resistance. Subjects with at least one parent smoking were defined as passive smokers, and with no parent smoking were non-exposure. Covariance analysis and Logistic regression models were used to analyze the relationship between passive smoking and glucose metabolism.
ResultsAfter adjusting for potential confounders, passive smokers had higher body mass index (BMI) than non-exposure in both boys and girls (F=12.371-37.871, all P<0.05). Compared with non-exposure, the insulin levels were increased by 16.2% for boys and 8.3% for girls, and the HOMA-IR were increased by 18.5% for boys and 9.4% for girls in passive smokers, with adjusting for age and pubertal stage (F=5.088-15.128, all P<0.05). After further adjusting for lifestyle, social-economic factors, parents′ BMI and family history of diabetes, the differences in insulin and HOMA-IR between the two groups of boys were still statistically significant (F=6.441, 7.067, all P<0.05), while these differences disappeared after further adjustment for BMI (all P>0.05). Regarding FPG, passive smoking was still associated with higher level of FPG with further adjustment for BMI in boys (F=4.998, P<0.05) and the risk of impaired fasting glucose were increased by 42.3% (OR=1.423, 95%CI:1.012-2.002, P<0.05); The difference in FPG between the two groups of girls was not significant (P>0.05).
ConclusionThe relationship between parental smoking and insulin resistance in children and adolescents may be associated with increased obesity, but the effect of parental smoking on FPG in boys is independent of obesity.
Key words:
Glucose metabolism; Fasting blood glucose; Insulin resistance; Parental smoking (passive smoking); Children and adolescent
Contributor Information
Li Yu
Department of Endocrinology, National Health Committee Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
Li Ming
Department of Endocrinology, National Health Committee Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
Li Ge
Department of Endocrinology, National Health Committee Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
Fu Junling
Department of Endocrinology, National Health Committee Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
Wang Dongmei
Department of Endocrinology, National Health Committee Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
Wu Yunpeng
Department of Endocrinology, National Health Committee Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
Li Lujiao
Department of Endocrinology, National Health Committee Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
Gao Shan
Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100043, China
Mi Jie
Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
Xiao Xinhua
Department of Endocrinology, National Health Committee Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
