Objective To investigate the pathological mechanism underlying the effects of high fructose drinking water on the uric acid level in rats.Methods 20 male SD rats were randomly divided with random number table to the control group (n =10,given normal water) and the model group (n =10,given 10％ fructose water),both fed with ordinary food for 58 days.Serum and urinary uric acid (UA) and creatine levels in the rats were monitored to calculate clearance of uric acid (CUA) and endogenous creatinine clearance rate (CCR).The activities of serum xanthine oxidase (XOD),adenosine deaminase (ADA),and guanine deaminase (GuDa) were detected,and pathological changes of the kidney of the rats were observed on the 58th day.Results Compared with the control group,the serum UA level of the model group was significantly higher on the 7th,22th,30th,37th,44th,58th days [(81.12 ±31.06) μmmol/L vs.(54.27 ±23.42) μmmol/L,P =0.017; (145.82±29.66) μmol/Lvs.(114.90±28.04) μmol/L,P=0.033; (131.16±61.93) μ mol/L vs.(54.67 ± 33.49) μ mol/L,P =0.002 ; (110.01 ± 42.82) μmol/L vs.(66.43 ± 22.50) μmol/L,P =0.007; (211.60±44.31) μmol/Lvs.(171.44±38.72) μmol/L,P=0.039; (102.97±45.46) μmol/L vs.(62.24 ± 20.89) μ.mol/L,P =0.025].Compared with the control group,XOD activity in the model group decreased significantly on the 22th and the 37th days [(48.19 ±8.04) U/L vs.(58.71 ±5.18) U/L,P=0.003; (60.07 ±6.53) U/L vs.(66.74 ±6.58) U/L,P=0.027] ; ADA activity in the model group increased significantly on the 37th and the 44th day [(60.00 ±8.22) U/ml vs.(46.19 ± 14.16) U/ml,P =0.048; (75.00 ± 16.94) U/ml vs.(59.17 ± 10.27) U/ml,P=0.037] ; and GuDa activity of the model group increased significantly on the 44th days [(10.07 ±0.66) U/L vs.(9.33 ±0.71) U/L,P =0.037].On the 44th day,both CUA and CCR in the model group were significantly lower than those in the control group [(0.24±0.15) ml/minvs.(0.40±0.12) ml/min,P=0.021; (0.33 ±0.21) ml/min vs.(0.57± 0.27) ml/min,P =0.040].On the 58th day,the kidneys of the rats in the model groups demonstrated decreased number of glomeruli,thickened capillary wall,and narrowed Bowman's capsules,but no trace of foreign substance deposition.Conclusions Continuous consumption of high fructose drinking water can increase the serum UA level and induce hyperuricemia.This pathological condition may be related to increased synthesis and decreased renal excretion of UA caused by fructose metabolilsm.