The pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of glaucoma in children are quite complex and diverse.Because the visual function of childhood is in a developing stage, even the intraocular pressure is controlled well, the visual function of childhood glaucoma patients is often poor from ametropia and amblyopia.So the prognosis is unsatisfying.New diagnostic classification of childhood glaucoma of the World Glaucoma Association showed that, except for glaucoma associated with acquired conditions and secondary glaucoma following cataract surgery, ocular anterior segment dysplasia in tissue structure and genetic factors are involved in the pathogenesis to different degrees in other classifications of childhood glaucoma.Therefore, it is very important for researchers to actively carry out genetic evaluation for childhood glaucoma.Current research status of molecular genetics in childhood glaucoma is briefly described here to emphasize that the researchers should make full use of available disease resources in China to carry out the study of molecular genetics in the diagnosis and classification of childhood glaucoma, which can provide more evidences for the prevention and treatment of blindness in children and healthy birth policy.