Based on binocular disparity, three-dimensional (3D) display technology makes the right and left eyes see different images in a certain way, which generates a stereo image after the processing of the brain's visual cortex.Due to its high-definition stereoscopic surgical field of vision and accurate spatial positioning ability, 3D display technology has been widely used in surgery.Ophthalmic microsurgery is performed with the help of microscope because of the complex intraocular operation and small operating space, especially minimally invasive vitreoretinal surgery, which is the most difficult surgery with the longest learning curve in ophthalmology.The 3D display viewing system can improve surgical accuracy, reduce retinal phototoxicity, relieve the pressure on the neck and back of the surgeon as well as promote communication and cooperation between medical staff and so on.At present, the major 3D display systems applied in ophthalmology include the NGENUITY 3D Visualization System and TrueVision 3D Visualization System, both of which require wearing 3D glasses.The naked eye 3D display system is the main direction of future development.The combination of 3D display system and ophthalmic surgical robot system provides a new idea for the development of remote ophthalmic surgery.At the same time, broader application of 3D display system requires continuous improvement.In this article, the research and application of 3D display system in anterior segment surgery and vitreoretinal surgery were reviewed.