As one of the main causes of low vision and blindness in the world, high myopia has become increasingly serious and caused heavy economic and social burden.However, its pathogenesis is complex and has not been fully clarified yet.In recent years, with the continuous progress of biological technology, proteomic technology has been used to find differentially expressed functional proteins in animal models and tissues of high myopic patients in order to obtain specific biological markers related to high myopia, and to provide new insights for exploring the pathogenesis, diagnosis methods and treatment of high myopia.In this article, the clinical characteristics of high myopia, the research content and strategies of proteomics, the research progress of proteomics in high myopia studying eye tissues of model animals and the blood, lens and aqueous humor of patients were reviewed, the outstanding advantages and achievements of proteomic technology in the study of high myopia were analyzed, and the pathological mechanism of high myopia was explored from the perspective of functional proteins, which would provide a theoretical basis for the development of specific molecular drugs with therapeutic value.