Glaucoma is an irreversible cause of blindness, and elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is an important risk factor for it.There is no clearly defined value of ocular hypertension in children, thus the accurate evaluation of IOP in children and understanding of its influencing factors are of great significance for the timely detection of ocular hypertension in children and the prevention of childhood glaucoma.Different measuring instruments and principles, as well as differences in ocular structures between children and adults, lead to the various sensitivity and reliability of the measurement.Many studies have shown that there are many factors affecting IOP in children, the main influencing factors of which are central corneal thickness, age, race, region, gender, corneal biomechanics, and so on.Obesity, blood pressure, and the use of anesthetics may also have influences on IOP in children.The possible relationship between IOP and refractive state in children is still controversial.For children with high myopia and the tendency to develop high myopia, their IOP should be monitored.Clinical diagnosis of children with ocular hypertension should be cautious, whether to carry out clinical intervention depends on the results of standardized testing and long-term follow-up.At present, accurate assessment and measurement of IOP in children to determine the timing of early warning of ocular hypertension is still the focus of research.Recent progress in IOP and its related influencing factors in children were reviewed in this article.