Congenital muscular torticollis (CMT) is typically characterized by lateral flexion of the head to one side and cervical rotation to the opposite side due to unilateral shortening of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Infants with CMT under the age of 1 year old are frequently treated with physical therapy, such as manual stretching and mass massage, and are evaluated by visual or angular measurement. However, there are no consensus on the techniques to perform the physical therapy examination and intervention. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health-Children and Youth Version (ICF-CY) is an international tool for recording and describing the functions, disability, and health status of children and adolescents, emphasizing that the condition of the disease or health is determined by the combination of body structure and function, activity, participation, and environmental factors, and the treatment of this disease requires overall analysis and integrated intervention. This article applies the ICF-CY framework to review the physical therapy examination and intervention of CMT.

Congenital muscular torticollis; International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health-Children and Youth Version; Physical therapy examination; Therapy