Objective To study the epidemiology and clinical characteristic of pulmonary lipoma.Methods A case of endobronchial lipoma in our hospital was reported.And moreover,we conducted a retrospective analysis of 54 cases of pulmoary lipoma in China.Results The patient admitted to our hospital due to productive cough for two months and fever for three weeks.And she had received antiinfective therapy before admission.A fiberoptic bronchoscopy was performed,and a polypoid tumor was found in the left of lower bronchus.The patient was finally diaghosed as pulmoary lipoma.In addition,we carried out a search in databases and we found that 54 cases had been reported in our country.Of those patients:44 man and 10 women; average(51.7± 11.60)years old;histology:endobronchial lipomas 44 cases,peripheral intrapulmonary lipoma 10 cases.Most symptoms of those patients including cough,sputum,elevated temperature,dyspnea and hemoptysis.Abnormal radiographic findings were reported for 50 patients:atelectasis 26 cases,infiltration or consolidation 13 cases,mass 18 cases.The value of CT scan of the lesions was range from-83 to-122 Hu.Only six patients had final diagnosis among 23 patients by flexible bronchoscopy.Thirty-four patients recorded surgical resection methods,and bronchoscopic resection was carried out in three patients.Conclusions Pulmonary lipoma is usually found in old man.The doctors should pay attention to a mass in CT scan,especially in those whose value of CT scan is negative.The endoscopic technique is effective for the diagnosis and treatment of endobronchial lipomas.Surgical therapy is recommended for patients who have permanent lung destruction or those in peripheral intrapulmonary lipoma.