Early detection and early treatment are effective measures to reduce lung cancer incidence and mortality.The use of chest radiography,sputum cytology or low-dose computed tomography scan is beneficial to lung cancer screening while the effect on lung cancer mortality is still uncertain.Exhaled breath condensate collection is a simple,new,and noninvasive technique,which allows sampling of lower respiratory tract fluid.Some studies have shown that exhaled breath condensate enables the study of a variety of biological markers with high sensitivity and specificity.Analysis of exhaled breath condensate in the future might contribute significantly to early diagnosis of lung cancer and also to evaluation of therapeutic response and prognosis.