Objective To analyze the pathological features and the relativity of microbiological pathogens with pathological examination. Methods The results of corneal scrapes and fungus culture of 77 cases with fungal corneal ulceration diagnosed by pathological examination from 2005 to 2007 were retrospec-tively analysis. The comparative evaluation of smear, fungus culture and pathological features was carried out.The paraffin section, HE and PAS staining were used in all the corneal specimens of pathological examination.Results In the 77 cases of corneal scrapes,58 cases (75.3%) showed fungal mycelia in 10% KOH smears,64 cases (83.1%) found fungal grow in fungus culture; among those cases,8 cases were yeast fungus,56 cases were mycelial fungus. The pathological specimens which were pseudo-negative cases in 10% KOH smears or fungus culture showed less fungal hyphae in the superficial corneal stroma,a lot of necrotic materials or the fungal hyphae in deep corneal stroma. The pathological characteristics of fungal corneal ulcers were purulent inflammation accompanying superficial tissue necrosis, which the fungal hyphae were usually situated in super-ficial stroma and could extended to deep or total stroma,occasioually penetrated Descemet's membrane into an-terior chamber. Conclusion In the clinical examination of fungal keratitis,corneai scrape with 10%KOH smears and fungus culture were more effective laboratory examination, comparing with the results of pathologi-cal examination,the pseudo-negative results would be responsible to the location of corneal scrape,size of corneal ulcers, more superficial tissue necrosis and the a amount of fungal hyphae.