Objective To improve our understanding of the morphological characteristics of macular retinoschisis in highly myopic eyes by optical coherence tomography and to discuss the probably associated factors of it. Methods In the retrospective study, 268 patients(369 eyes)with high myopia(spherical equivalent 3≥-6.00D)were included, from which a diagnosis of retinoschisis was given by optical coherence tomography, and observed the area and morphological characteristics of the retinoschisis. The factors that were associated with the occurrence and the development of the retinoschisis were investigated. Results OCT showed that 68 patients(93 eyes)had retinoschisis. Outer schisis was present in 78 eyes, mixed schisis in 14 eyes and inner schisis in 1 eye. The retinoschisis in 2 eyes located far from the macular area, and the other 91 eyes located in the macular area, which were involved into one to four quadrants, in which foveoschisis were present in 53 eyes, and parafoveoschisis in 38 eyes. There were several kinds of types in foveoschisis, companied with other pathological changes, such as vitreoretinal traction, preretinal membrane, foveal detachment and lamellar holes.We proceeded the comparison of the axial length, spherical equivalent, posterior staphyloma, vitreoretinal interface factors and posterior polar chorioretinal atrophy in retinoschisis and non-retinoschisis in highly myopic eyes, finding that all the differences were significant(P <0.01), but Logistic regression showed that all the factors above were the risk factors associated with the retinoschisis(P =0.002, 0.027, 0.003, 0.011)except the spherical equivalent(P =0.073). Conclusions OCT can display the area and morphological characteristics of retinoschisis clearly, the retinoschisis is mostly present in the fovea, which is usually involved into the whole macular area, and the outer schisis is common. The occurrence and development of the retinoschisis is associated with the axial length, posterior staphyloma, vitreoretinal interface factors and posterior polar chorioretinal atrophy.