Objective To investigate relevant factors to Kaschin-Beck disease(KBD),and to find out effective countermeasures to the disease.Methods Children aged 7-16 whose right hands X-ray films were positive or negative examined in the year 2009 and 2010 from KBD monitoring stations of Jinchuan and Maerkang Counties were selected.A case-control study was applied; questionnaires were used to investigate the implementing effectiveness of controlling measures,and relevant factors to controlling of KBD were analyzed.Results A total of 64 students were recruited in this research,and both the case and control groups consist of 32 students,respectively.The students staple structure (number of times of weekly consumption of rice,Z =-0.695,P ＞ 0.05),non-staple food structure (Meat:Z =-1.270,P ＞ 0.05; Milk:Z =-0.300,P ＞ 0.05),hair selenium levels [(0.27 ± 0.09),(0.26 ± 0.10)mg/kg,x2 =0.094,P ＞ 0.05] were not significantly different.Where the per capita household income,the difference was not.statistically significant (Z =-1.079,P ＞ 0.05); staple food structure (Rice:x2=1.024,P＞ 0.05; Pasta:x2=1.636,P＞ 0.05) and non-staple food structure(Meet:Z=-1.231,P＞ 0.05; Milk:Z =-0.603,P ＞ 0.05).In bone-end-positive group,the proportion of families who often took homegrown pasta as main foods (84.6％,11/13) was higher than that of control group (59.4％,19/32,x2 =8.477,P ＜ 0.05),however the proportion of families who often took rice as main foods was significantly lower than that of the control group (bone-end-positive group:61.5％,8/13 ; control group:81.3％,26/32,x2 =5.529,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Selenium has failed to show the effect of preventing KBD,thoroughly replacing homegrown-grain may be an effective way of eliminating KBD.