Objective To investigate the infection of Klebsiella pneumoniae in neonates and its antibiotic resistance,so as to provide evidence for clinical use of antibiotics.Methods One hundred and six samples of Klebsiella pneumoniae were collected from the neonate ward of the Second Affiliated Hospital,College of Medicine,Shantou University from 2011 to 2012.Their drug susceptibility was analyzed.Results Of 106 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae,60 (56.60％) were positive for extended spectrum β lactamase (ESBL).Drug susceptibility test showed that strains were sensitive to levofloxacin,ceftazidime,TZP,cefotetan,amikacin,cefepime,imipenem,and ertapenem (81.13％-97.17％) and resistant to ampicillin,SMZ-TMP,ampicillin-sulbactum,cefazolin,and ceftriaxone (58.49％-100.00％).The incidence of nosocomial infection in neaonates was higher than that in common child patients (20.75％ vs 1.27％,x2=28.96,P＜0.05).The pathogens of nosocomial infection were mostly drug-resistant strains,among which ESBL-positive strains accounted for 77.27％.The hospitalization time and expenses of neonates infected by ESBL-positive strains were (26.02±10.16) d and (31 983.55±19 386.10) RMB,which were both higher than those of ESBL-negative ones (t=7.31,4.57,P＜0.01).Conclusions Klebsiella pneumoniae is a common pathogen of infection in neonatal ward.ESBL-positive strains usually present multiple drug resistance and thus their infection may lead to heavier burden of disease.