Objective The aim of this study was to compare the postoperative mental and behavioral conditions between children with congenital heart diseases (CHD) treated with surgical procedures or interventional therapy.Methods One hundred and sixty-one children suffering CHD with no associated structural cardiac anomalies were divided into two groups:the surgical group (n=79) and interventional group (n=82).One year after the above-mentioned treatments,Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) edited by Xu Tao-yuan in 1992 was performed on these children.Eighty healthy children with the similar common characteristics as those with CHD were enrolled into the control group.Results The abnormal rates of the boys and girls with CHD were significantly higher than that in the control group (P＜0.01).The behavioral abnormities of boys included depression,social flinch,physical complaints,aggression and violating rules;whereas the behavioral abnormities of girls includeel depression,social flinch,physical complaints and violating rules,which were both significantly different from those in the control group.The total postoperative cursory marks of patients in the interventional and surgical groups were significantly lower than the pre-operative marks (P＜0.05).The total postoperative cursory marks and marks of assault of the boys in the surgical group were both significantly higher than those in the interventional group (P＜0.05).The total postoperative cursory marks and the marks of depression,social flinch,violate rules of girls in the surgical group were all significantly higher than those in the interventional group (P＜0.05).The abnormal rates of mentality and behavior correlated positively with the course of disease.Conclusions CHD significantly affected the mentality and behavior of the children.It should draw our attention that more postoperative mental and behavioral problems can be noted in children undergoing surgical procedures than in those accepting interventional therapy in a relatively long period.