Objective To compare Luminex vs.ELISA methods in detecting HLA antibodies in kidney transplant recipients and their relation to acute rejection.Method Blood samples from 34 kidney transplant recipients were collected and the HLA antibodies were detected by both Luminex and ELISA methods.The sensitivity and specificity of both methods for predicting the development of acute rejection were analyzed.Results Fourteen recipients (14/34,41.17％) positive for HLA class Ⅰ antibodies were detected by using Luminex method,whereas only 1 case (1/34,2.9％) was detected with positive HLA class Ⅰ antibodies by ELISA method (P＜0.05).Similarly,13 recipients (13/34,38.24％) positive for HLA class Ⅱ antibodies were detected by using Luminex method,whereas the positive rate of HLA class Ⅱ antibodies by using ELISA method was 8.8％ (3/34,P＜0.05).The sensitivity and specificity of Luminex method for predicting the acute rejection were 80％ and 92.3％ respectively,in comparison to 30％ and 77.4％ respectively by ELISA method.Conclusion Compared to the traditional ELISA-based method,Luminex method has a better sensitivity and specificity for predicting the development of acute rejection.