To analyze the correlation between the pathological types of parathyroid and clinical manifestations in patients with renal secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT), so as to improve the efficacy and safety of treatment.

The pathological and clinical data of 130 patients with renal SHPT and maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) who had undergone total parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation (TPTX+AT) were collected. A total of 545 parathyroid glands were obtained and 998 slices were made and read. According to the pathological types of parathyroid hyperplasia, the patients were divided into diffuse hyperplasia (DH) group, diffuse between hyperplasia and nodular hyperplasia (DH/NH) group as well as nodular hyperplasia (NH) group. The clinical and biochemical characteristics of different groups before and after operation (1-, 3-, 6-, 9-, 12- month) were compared and analyzed by statistical tests.

(1) The preoperative status: the dialysis age, serum calcium as well as incidence of bone pain, skin itching and shorten height in the NH group were significantly higher than those in the DH group (all P<0.05), and the serum phosphorus and iPTH in the NH group were significantly higher than those in DH and DH/NH group (all P<0.05). (2) The postoperative status: the serum calcium of the NH group at 1-month was lower than that of the DH group, and the incidence of hypocalcemia of the NH group at 1-month was higher than that of the DH group (P<0.05); the serum phosphorus at 3-, 6-, 9-month and iPTH at 1-, 3-month of the NH group were significantly lower than that of the DH group (all P<0.05), and the serum phosphorus at 3-month and iPTH at 1-month of the NH group were lower than that of the DH/NH group (all P<0.05). Among the 3 groups the serum phosphorus change from 1 to 12 months had difference (F=3.241, P=0.042), while the differences of serum calcium and iPTH changes were statistically insignificant.

The clinical manifestations, serum calcium, phosphorus and iPTH in patients with renal SHPT before and after TPTX+AT are closely related to the pathological types of parathyroid hyperplasia. Compared with the DH patients, before the operation the NH patients have longer dialysis age, more serious the clinical symptoms such as bone disease, higher calcium, phosphorus and iPTH, while greater reduction of the serum calcium, phosphorus and iPTH in the short term after operation.

Hyperparathyroidism, secondary; Parathyroid glands; Pathologic processes