It is imperative to establish a scientific and reasonable ranking and evaluation system for the comprehensive strength of medical departments in encouraging high-quality development of hospitals. The authors summarized the practice of Liaoning Cancer Hospital in establishing an evaluation index system of the comprehensive strength of medical departments according to relevant national standards, and in conducting quantitative evaluation from medical practice, education and research. The index system fell into the basic evaluation indexes and the on-site evaluation indexes. As required by individual functions and management requirements of the departments, medical departments were categorized into clinical departments, medical technology departments/supporting departments. As required by the latest regulations in China′s healthcare system reform and hospital strategic planning, the evaluation indexes were designed to be tuned dynamically, and the coefficient of progress was introduced for longitudinal evaluation. Thanks to the system in place in 2017, the hospitals have integrated multi-disciplinary resources, guided medical departments to improve quality and efficiency, hence launching overall progress in medical practice, education and research and sustainable development.