Objective To evaluate the safety of solifenacin and tolterodine in the treatment of overactive bladder (OAB).Methods Studies on the solifenacin,tolterodine and OAB were searched and those fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected.RevMan 5.0 software was used to perform meta-analysis.Three studies were included with an overall sample size of 1013 cases.The experimental group of solifenacin contained 517 cases while the control group had 496 cases.Results The incidence rates of overall adverse event,dry mouth,constipation and blurred vision of the experimental group (solifenacin 5 mg once per day)was 26.69％ (138/517),10.64％ (55/517),5.42％ (28/517) and 6.55％ (26/397) while those of the control group (toherodine 2 mg twice per day) 33.27％ (165/496),16.73％ (83/496),2.22％(11/496) and 4.20％ (16/381) respectively.There was no statistically significant difference in overall adverse event (RR =0.76,95％ CI:0.52-1.12,P =0.170) and blurred vision (RR =1.59,95 ％ CI:0.88-2.90,P =0.130) between two groups.However,the incidence rate of key antimuscarinic adverse events such as dry mouth (RR =0.63,95 ％ CI:0.46-0.87,P =0.005) and constipation (RR =2.38,95％ CI:1.21-4.66,P =0.010) showed statistically significant difference.Conclusions Dry mouth is the most common adverse event of solifenacin (5 mg once per day) and tolterodine (2 mg twice per day).Solifenacin has a lower incidence rate of dry mouth and a higher rate of constipation than tolterodine.A clinical physician should consider the incidence of adverse events during treating OAB,especially for those patients prone to constipation.