Objective To investigate the peak time of refractive error obtained by Cyclopentolate Hydrochloride 1.0％ (Cyclopentolate 1.0％ for short ) and Cyclopentolate 1.0％ combined with Proparacaine Hydrochloride 0.5％ (Proxymetacaine) and to compare the refractive error obtained by Cyclopentolate 1.0％ and Atropine 1.0％ in the children with hyperopia.Methods Seventy one children ( 141 eyes) with hyperopia (mean age 7.9 ±2.1 ) were divided into two groups randomly according to the different cycloplegic methods:group A ( Pro + Cyc group) and group B ( NS + Cyc group).There were 34 patients (67 eyes ) in group A and 37 patients (74 eyes ) in group B.One drop of Proparacaine Hydrochloride 0.5％ or physiological saline was used respectively in group A and group B,five minutes before three drops of Cyclopentolate 1.0％ were given at intervals of ten minutes.Cycloplegic autorefractions and pupil diameter were compared at 30,40,50,60,70minutes after the first drop of Cyclopentolate 1.0％was given in both A and B groups.Atropine 1.0％ was used in both groups one week later for three days with three times per day (group A' and group B').Cycloplegic autorefractions and pupil diameter were compared between group A and A,' and group B and B',respectively.Results The peak time of cycloplegic autorefractions was 50 minutes after the first drop of cyclopentolate 1.0％ in group A,while the peak time was 60 minutes in group B.The maximal cycloplegic autorefraction of group A was significantly lower than that in group A' [(+4.44±2.34)D vs.( +4.86±2.26)D,t=11.16,P＜0.01].The maximal cycloplegic autorefraction of group B was significantly lower than that in group B' [ ( + 4.50 ±2.19)D vs.( +5.04 ±2.10) D,t = 11.44,P ＜0.01 ].The difference of cycloplegic autorefractions between group A' and the peak refraction of group A was less than the difference between group B' and the peak refraction of group B[ (0.42 ±0.32) D vs.(0.54 ±0.39) D,t = - 1.99,P =0.048].The peak time of pupil diameter is 50 minutes after the first drop of cyclopentolate 1.0％ in group A,while the peak time of pupil diameter is 60 minutes in group B.The time course of cycloplegic was consistent with mydriasis.Conclusion In 3 to 14 years old Chinese hyperopia children,using cyclopentolate 1.0％ three drops for optometry examination,the maximal cycloplegic autorefractions can be measured from 50 minutes to 70minutes after the first drop of Cyclopentolate 1.0％.The Cyclopentolate 1.0％ can achieve thepeak time of refraction 10 minutes early as well as increase the effect of mydriasis when it is used combined with topical anaesthetic.Cyclopentolate 1.0％ can be used for the optometry examination in the hyperopia children.However neither Cyclopentolate 1.0％ nor Cyclopentolate 1.0％ combined with Proparacaine Hydrochloride 0.5％ can instead of the use of Atropine 1.0％.