Pathological myopia, an important blinding eye disease worldwide, has caused a heavy social burden. The patients have become younger in recent years. In general, people have limited knowledge of pathological myopia. They often confuse pathological myopia with high myopia, and do not fully realize that pathological myopia is not only an ametropia disease, but also a fundus disease. Fundus complications of pathological myopia are the main causes of visual impairment, including posterior staphyloma, macular degeneration, and secondary choroidal neovascularization. All of them are related to axial length and can progress throughout the life, while the treatment is limited. At present, myopia prevention has become a national strategy, and pathological myopia is the key and difficult point in myopia prevention. The whole society should pay attention to the prevention and treatment for fundus complications of pathological myopia, take comprehensive measures, and increase scientific researches to protect the eye health of the people. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2021, 57: 401-405)

Myopia, degenerative; Scleral diseases; Macular degeneration; Choroidal neovascularization; Early medical intervention