Pyroptosis, a pro-inflammatory programmed cell death, is different from apoptosis and necroptosis, which is characterized by the activation of inflammasome and caspase family members and the cleavage of gasdermin family members, resulting in pores in the cell membrane accompanied by the release of inflammatory cytokines and a series of inflammatory reactions. Pyroptosis has a dual effect on tumors: on one hand, pyroptosis can inhibit tumor growth; on the other hand, a series of inflammatory responses triggered by excessively activated pyroptosis increase the risk of tumorigenesis. Pyroptosis can activate anti-tumor immune responses and induce pyroptosis in patients with low immune activity or no response to other immunotherapies, which has certain application prospects for tumor therapy.