Archaeological discovery demonstrates that the ancient plant hair brush first appeared in the Tang dynasty.According to the evolution of the shape of the head and handle of the toothbrush in ancient times,we can divide the evolution of the shapes into three major stages of development:(1) the Tang and the Five dynasties; (2) the Liao,Song,Jin,Yuan dynasties; (3) Ming,Qing and the Republic periods.The toothbrush heads and handles had no significant differences during the Tang and the Five dynasties.However,the shapes of them in the Liao,Song,Jin,Yuan dynasties are somewhat different.In the Ming and Qing and the republic of China periods,the shape of toothbrush head and handle had further refinement.Recently,some scholars raised doubts about the “plant hair toothbrush doctrine”.They believe that the archaeological bone graft handle brush was used to wipe hair oil or clean water when washing and dressing.However,according to shape and function and ancient literature records,the archaeological bone graft handle brush should be a plant hair toothbrush used to clean and protect teeth.