To discuss the necessity of closing the peritoneum during the operation of ileal conduit after the radical cystectomy.

We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 395 patients with bladder cancer who received radical cystectomy from Jan. 2014 to Sep. 2016.The amount of male was 327, female was 68. The mean age was (65.8±9.7) years old. Patients were divided into four groups according to the surgical method of cystectomy and urinary diversion. In group A, patients, including 78 males and 9 females, were received open radical cysectomy (ORC) with extraperitoneal ileal conduit. The mean age was (67.8±9.2) years old. In the preoperative clinical staging, 66 cases were less than T₂ and 21 cases were more than T₂. Preoperative pathological grade in 83 cases and low grade in 4 cases. In group B, patients, including 31 males and 2 females, were accepted ORC with ileal conduit without peritoneum closure. The mean age was(67.3±8.7) years old . Preoperative clinical staging showed less than T₂ in 25 cases, more than T₂ in 8 cases, The preoperative pathological grade showed high grade in 33 cases. In group C, patients, including 112 males and 27 females, were accpeted LRC with ileal conduit without peritoneum closure. The mean age was (64.3±10.5)years old. The preoperative clinical staging showed less than T₂ in 107 cases and more than T₂ in 32 cases. The preoperative pathological grade showed high grade in 135 cases and low grade in 4 cases. In group D, patients, including 106 males and 30 females, were accepted RARC with ileal conduit without peritoneum closure. The mean age was (65.9±10.0)years old. Preoperative clinical staging showed less than T₂ in 103 cases and more than T₂ in 33 cases. The preoperative pathological grade showed high grade in 132 cases and low grade in 4 cases. Ileal conduit without peritoneum closure means completely open the peritoneum after anastomosis of the ureter and intestine in the urinary diversion surgery without shutting down the peritoneum, which is different from the extraperitoneal ileal conduit. The operating time, blood loss, blood transfusion rate, recovery time of intestinal function and perioperative complications and rate of hydronephrosis were analyzed.

The 395 cases completed operation successfully, no LRC or RARC had been converted to ORC. The operative time was (280.1±92.3)min, (233.6±99.4)min, (304.8±108.9)min, (364.6±86.4)min in four groups, respectively (P<0.05). The blood loss in four groups were (489.1±285.6) ml, (431.8±233.1) ml, (373.0±213.7) ml, (205.6±137.8) ml, respectively (P<0.05) . The transfusion rate in four groups were 18(20.7%), 16(48.0%), 15(10.8%), 14(10.3%), respectively (P<0.05). The mean time to flatus in four groups were (3.7±1.8)d, (3.6±1.0)d, (3.5±1.2)d, (2.2±1.7)d, respectively ( P<0.05). While ileal obstruction rate had no statistical difference in four groups [group A 17 cases(19.5%), group B 6 cases(18.2%), group C 27 cases(19.4%), group D 19 cases(14.0%), P=0.678]. Urine leakage, intestinal leakage, lymphocyst were only occurred in group A [7 cases(8.0%), 2 cases(2.3%), 2 cases(2.3%)]. Pyelonephritis was noticed in each group, including 14 cases(16.1%)in group A, 2 cases(6.1%)in group B, 9 cases(6.5%)in group C, 6 cases(4.4%)in group D ( P<0.05). Hydronephrosis 6 months after surgery was observed in four groups, including 15 cases(17.2%)in group A, 3 cases(9.1%)in group B, 7 cases(5.0%)in group C, 5 cases(3.7%)in group D (P<0.05).

Ileal conduit without peritoneum closure would not increase the incidence of complications, on the contrary, it would relieve the tension of anastomosis, and reduce the occurrence of complications such as urine leakage.

Radical cystectomy; Complication; Postoperative recovery; Urinary diversion; Ileal conduit without peritoneum closure