Lymphorrhea and lymphocele are the common complications after urological pelvic lymph node dissection, which are difficult to diagnose and treat. Up to now, a few studies of lymphorrhea and lymphocele were reported, and there is no relevant diagnosis and treatment guideline. The pathogenesis, treatment and prevention of lymphorrhea and lymphocele formation after urological pelvic lymphadenectomy were reviewed in this article.The mechanism of occurrence includes leakage and exudation of lymph-vessels. The high risk factors are old age, open surgery and perioperative use of anticoagulants. Most patients can be cured by nutrition management and percutaneous catheter sclerotherapy. Closing lymph-vessels and stumps may paly an important role in prevetion of lymphorrhea and lymphocele.