New-onset refractory status epilepticus is a rare and special clinical manifestation with high mortality. About half of the patients have no clear cause. At present, the pathogenesis is unclear, and the treatment plan is controversial. In recent years, it has been found that inflammatory and immune responses of the body may be involved in the pathogenic process, and it is called “inflammatory-immune mediated epileptic encephalopathy” based on the perspective of pathogenesis. There have also been many treatment attempts based on the inflammatory and immunological mechanisms, some of which have achieved satisfactory results. However, most of them are based on the review of small sample cases, and relevant guidelines are still lacking at present. In this paper, the definition, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and treatment of persistent status of new-onset refractory status epilepticus are reviewed.

Status epilepticus; Autoimmune diseases of the nervous system; Diagnosis; Therapeutics