The elderly are susceptible to nephrotoxic drugs and at high risk of drug-induced kidney injury (DIKI) because of age-related special renal physiological changes, and usual coexistence of with multiple diseases and multiple drugs. At present, there is no effective treatment for DIKI, so prevention is very important. Recent studies suggest that the risk factors closely related to DIKI include drug factors, patient factors and kidney factors. Comprehensive assessment of the above risk factors is helpful for early identification of elderly patients with high-risk for DIKI and timely accurate prevention.