There are risks in the use and management of perioperative analgesics, which may be caused by analgesic methods, individual patient factors, or medication errors. In order to reduce the risk in perioperative analgesics use and improve the level of safe drug use, Medication Safety Panel in China Core Group of International Network for the Rational Use of Drugs, Chinese Pharmacological Society Professional Committee of Drug-induced Diseases, Adverse Drug Reactions Journal Agency, Beijing Municipal Health Commission Clinical Safety Medication Working Group organize the domestic pharmacy experts and anesthesiology experts to formulate the guideline. The risks prevention and management measures of perioperative analgesics were described from 3 aspects including management, drugs, and special populations. The management-related risks include the risks during the formulation of analgesia plan, the risks in information/goods/drugs transmission, the risks in the use of intraoperative analgesics and analgesia pumps, which can be prevented by formulating rules and regulations, strengthening training, and improving information technology. Drug-related risks are inherent properties of drugs. Analgesics are classified into narcotic analgesics, antipyretic analgesics, and analgesic auxiliary drugs. Corresponding prevention strategies can be formulated according to the risk points of specific drugs. Special populations including the elderly, pregnant and lactating women, and children, etc. have their own physiological and pharmacokinetic characteristics and counter-measures can be formulated according to specific conditions. Through comprehensive monitoring of perioperative analgesics use, the risk can be predicted, the circumvention plan can be formulated, and the pharmaceutical care can be implemented, so as to ensure the medication safety of patients. This guideline is applicable to all medical personnel who use and monitor perioperative analgesics.