Extracellular matrix material is obtained through decellularization of tissues or organs. It not only provides a 3D scaffold structure for regenerated tissue and cells, but also regulates the behavior of regenerated cells (including cell morphology, adhesion, proliferation, migration, differentiation and apoptosis). Induce stem cell proliferation and differentiation, and mediate cell signaling pathways and gene expression through mechanical sensing or receptor-mediated effects. Because of these good properties, extracellular matrix has been increasingly used in tissue regeneration in recent years. In this paper, the role and applications of acellular matrix materials in promoting tissue regeneration and reconstruction are analyzed and summarized.