The incidence of maxillofacial bone defect is high. We are pursuing individualized, precise, minimally invasive and highly efficient maxillofacial bone reconstruction. Maxillofacial bone repair materials have always been the focus of clinical medicine and biological tissue engineering. In this review, the characteristics and causes of maxillofacial bone defects, and the repairing methods of maxillofacial bone defects were introduced. The characteristics and clinical application of maxillofacial bone repair materials were comprehensively summarized and compared. Overall, there are still many bottlenecks, and the research prospects of maxillofacial bone repair materials are very broad.