Changes of blood coagulation after traumatic hemorrhagic shock in swine
Juanjuan Zhang, Shaohua Wang, Wenkui Yu, Jialiang Shi, Juanhong Shen, Tao Gao, Fengchan Xi, Ning Li
Published 2015-05-01
Cite as Chin J Emerg Med, 2015, 24(5): 475-480. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1671-0282.2015.05.005
Abstract
ObjectiveTo investigate the changes of blood coagulation after traumatic hemorrhagic shock in swine in order to elucidate the coagulopathy to be the predominant cause of death after severe trauma.
MethodsTwelve domestic swine were randomly (random number) divided into the control group (CG, n=6) and experimental groups (EG, n =6) . The swine in EG were hit with blunt injury on chest first, and hemorrhagic shock was induced by exsanguinating until 35% of the estimated total blood volume lost so as to maintain mean arterial pressure (MAP) at about (40 ± 3) mmHg for two hours, and then the swine were resuscitated. The swine in CG were not injured. Blood samples were taken before injury (H0) and 15 min (H1) , 1 h (H2) , 2 h (H3) after traumatic hemorrhage and 15 min (R1) , 2 h (R2) , 6 h (R3) , 24 h (R4) after resuscitation. The blood gas analysis, blood routine (Plt) , coagulation tests (PT, APTT, Fib) and thromboelastogram (TEG) were measured.
ResultsCompared with CG, Plt (platelet) in EG was continuously reducing after hemorrhage, and was significantly lower after resuscitation (P < 0.05) . Fib dropped quickly after hemorrhagic shock and the levels of Fib were lower during H1 to R2 and higher at R4 (P <0.05) . PT decreased significantly at H1 (P=0.001) , then was higher at H3, R1, R2 and R3 (P <0.05) . APTT was shortened remarkably at H1 (P =0.024) , and then prolonged from H2 to R3 (P <0.05) . Among the TEG parameters, R values were shortened at H1 (P <0.05) , and prolonged at R4 (P =0.022) ; K values decreased at H1 (P=0.001) and MA values decreased at H3 (P =0.004) .
ConclusionHyper-coagulation was characterized by shortened PT, APTT, R and decreased K values existed transiently at early stage of traumatic hemorrhagic shock, then turned into hypo-coagulation presenting prolonged PT and APTT and decreased Fib and MA. Hypo-coagulation persisted during resuscitation and showed prolonged PT and APTT and decreased Plt and Fib at initial stage and prolonged R values and decreased Plt at late stage.
Key words:
Swine; Trauma; Hemorrhagic shock; Coagulation; Coagulation tests; Thrombelastography
Contributor Information
Juanjuan Zhang
Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing 210002, China
Shaohua Wang
Wenkui Yu
Jialiang Shi
Juanhong Shen
Tao Gao
Fengchan Xi
Ning Li