变应性（过敏性）疾病已经成为临床最常见疾病之一，如过敏性哮喘、过敏性鼻炎、过敏性结膜炎、特异性皮炎、荨麻疹、过敏性胃肠炎、严重过敏反应、过敏性休克等，因患病率高、病程长、症状反复发作，给全球带来沉重的经济和医疗负担。过敏原免疫治疗（allergen immunotherapy，AIT）是针对尘螨、花粉、动物皮屑等诱发的主要由IgE介导的过敏性疾病的对因治疗方法，已被众多指南推荐为一线治疗［1］。目前临床常用的AIT方法包括皮下免疫治疗（subcutaneous immunotherapy，SCIT）和舌下免疫治疗（sublingual immunotherapy，SLIT），均分为剂量累加（递增）阶段和剂量维持阶段，疗程一般3~5年［2］。SCIT根据剂量累加阶段注射频率的不同，又分为常规SCIT和加速SCIT，后者包括集群SCIT和冲击SCIT，加速SCIT大大缩短了剂量累加阶段所需时间。目前我国SCIT使用的过敏原制剂有屋尘螨变应原制剂（丹麦，Alk-Abello）、螨变应原注射液（德国默克，Allergopharma）、协和尘螨变应原制剂。前二者标准化程度较高，第三者标准化程度稍低。
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变应性（过敏性）疾病已经成为临床最常见疾病之一，如过敏性哮喘、过敏性鼻炎、过敏性结膜炎、特异性皮炎、荨麻疹、过敏性胃肠炎、严重过敏反应、过敏性休克等，因患病率高、病程长、症状反复发作，给全球带来沉重的经济和医疗负担。过敏原免疫治疗（allergen immunotherapy，AIT）是针对尘螨、花粉、动物皮屑等诱发的主要由IgE介导的过敏性疾病的对因治疗方法，已被众多指南推荐为一线治疗［1］。目前临床常用的AIT方法包括皮下免疫治疗（subcutaneous immunotherapy，SCIT）和舌下免疫治疗（sublingual immunotherapy，SLIT），均分为剂量累加（递增）阶段和剂量维持阶段，疗程一般3~5年［2］。SCIT根据剂量累加阶段注射频率的不同，又分为常规SCIT和加速SCIT，后者包括集群SCIT和冲击SCIT，加速SCIT大大缩短了剂量累加阶段所需时间。目前我国SCIT使用的过敏原制剂有屋尘螨变应原制剂（丹麦，Alk-Abello）、螨变应原注射液（德国默克，Allergopharma）、协和尘螨变应原制剂。前二者标准化程度较高，第三者标准化程度稍低。
重庆医科大学附属第一医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科，重庆 400016
重庆医科大学附属第一医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科，重庆 400016
首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科，北京 100730
青岛大学附属医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科，青岛 266000
广东省人民医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科，广州 510080
中山大学附属第一医院耳鼻咽喉科医院，广州 510080，中山大学附属第一医院广西医院耳鼻咽喉科，南宁 530029
同济大学附属同济医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科，上海 200065
重庆医科大学附属第一医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科，重庆 400016
四川大学华西医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科，成都 610041
福建医科大学附属第一医院耳鼻咽喉科，福州 350004
复旦大学附属眼耳鼻喉科医院耳鼻喉科，上海 200031
首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院变态反应科，北京 100038
贵州医科大学附属医院耳鼻咽喉科，贵阳 550001
中山大学附属第一医院耳鼻咽喉科医院，广州 510080，中山大学附属第一医院广西医院耳鼻咽喉科，南宁 530029
四川大学华西医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科，成都 610041
吉林大学中日联谊医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科，长春 130033
复旦大学附属华东医院耳鼻咽喉科，上海 200040
华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院耳鼻咽喉科，武汉 430022
华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科，武汉 430030
中南大学湘雅医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科，长沙 410008湖南
中山大学附属第七医院耳鼻咽喉科，深圳 518107
佛山市第一人民医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科，佛山 528000
复旦大学附属眼耳鼻喉科医院耳鼻喉科，上海 200031
上海交通大学附属第六人民医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科，上海 200233
中山大学附属第三医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科和变态反应（过敏）科，广州 510630
广西医科大学第二附属医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科，南宁 530007
昆明医科大学第一附属医院耳鼻咽喉一科，昆明 650032
南京医科大学第一附属医院耳鼻咽喉科，南京 210029
贵州省人民医院耳鼻咽喉科，贵阳 550002
海南省人民医院耳鼻咽喉科医院，海口 570311
西安交通大学第二附属医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科病院，西安 710004
山西医科大学第二医院耳鼻咽喉科，太原 030001
哈尔滨医科大学附属第二医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科，哈尔滨 150001
复旦大学附属眼耳鼻喉科医院耳鼻喉科，上海 200031
哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科，哈尔滨 150001
西藏自治区人民医院耳鼻咽喉科，拉萨 850000
中山大学附属第三医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科和变态反应（过敏）科，广州 510630
南昌大学第一附属医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科，南昌 330006
武汉大学人民医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科，武汉 430060
复旦大学附属眼耳鼻喉科医院耳鼻喉科，上海 200031
重庆医科大学附属第一医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科，重庆 400016
复旦大学附属眼耳鼻喉科医院耳鼻喉科，上海 200031
国家自然科学基金杰出青年基金
（81725004）
国家自然科学基金
（81870700，81873689，81873693，81860182，81970853，81970864，82071014，82071017，82271134，82271138）
重庆英才项目
（cstc2021ycjh-bgzxm0080）
上海市科委优秀学科带头人项目
（19XD4010000）
上海市耳鼻咽喉疾病临床中心重大专项
（20MC920200）
国家重点研发计划
（2022YFC2504100）
杨玉成、沈暘对本文有同等贡献，为共同第一作者
所有作者声明无利益冲突
Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People′s Hospital, Guangzhou 510080, China
Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China, Guangxi Hospital Division of The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Nanning 530029, China
Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China
Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
Department of Allergy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550001, China
Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China, Guangxi Hospital Division of The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Nanning 530029, China
Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, China Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
Department of Otolaryngology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
Department of Otolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
Department of Otolaryngology, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518170, China
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated First People′s Hospital of Foshan City, Sun Yat-sen University, Foshan 528000, China
Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Sixth People′s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery and Department of Allergy, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530007, China
Department of 1st Otolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
Department of Otolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
Department of Otolaryngology, Guizhou Province Hospital, Guiyang 550002, China
Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou 570311, China
Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University, Xi′an 710004, China
Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanxi Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital, Taiyuan 030001, China
Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, People′s Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lasa 850000, China
Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery and Department of Allergy, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
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