Before and after surgery, most patients have psychological stress reactions such as nervousness, fear, anxiety and depression. Different degrees of anxiety and depression are a psychological problem that cannot be ignored in patients during the perioperative period. Therefore, the patient's anxiety and depression status should be evaluated during the perioperative period, and corresponding measures should be taken if necessary. This paper summarized the definition of perioperative anxiety and depression, epidemiological research, evaluation methods, causes and adverse effects, intervention measures and treatment methods, so as to facilitate future research.