Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a systemic disease including pneumonia caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The COVID-19 infects several organs and systems besides the respiratory system, including the urinary system, cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal system, nervous system, hematological system and immune system. The kidney, as one of the targeted organs of COVID-19, is damaged by SARS-CoV-2 in both direct and indirect ways. The clinical manifestations of kidney involvements include acute kidney injury (AKI), proteinuria, hematuria, etc. Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are often combined with a variety of immunodeficiency, especially those receiving hormones/immunosuppressants for immune nephropathy, kidney transplantation, undergoing renal replacement therapy for end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Moreover, these patients are not only susceptible to SARS-CoV-2, but also prone to becoming seriously or critically ill after infection. The treatment of CKD patients with COVID-19 is different from that of non-CKD patients, and the use of antiviral drugs in patients with severe renal insufficiency remains controversial. Furthermore, CKD patients are often combined with malnutrition, hypercoagulability, chronic inflammation, and water-electrolyte disorders, which make treatment of COVID-19 difficult. Therefore, this expert consensus was developed to enhance the clinicians' awareness of CKD with COVID-19, standardize the clinical diagnosis and treatment, and further improve the prognosis of patients.

COVID-19; Renal insufficiency, chronic; Diagnosis; Therapeutics