Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) is an important precursor in conversing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) in the body. By elevating NAD⁺ level in the body, NMN enhances the hydrogen transfer function of NAD⁺ in biological processes, promotes the synthesis of proteins and polysaccharides, improves substance transportation and regulatory efficiency, and enhances metabolic functions. Specifically, in central nervous system disease, NMN exerts neuroprotective effect through antioxidation, anti-inflammation, mitochondrial protection, and prevention of neuronal and axonal degeneration. This review focuses on the therapeutic role of NMN in common central nervous system diseases and their neuroprotective mechanisms, so as to further understand the role of NMN in central nervous system diseases, and provide references for predicting therapeutic targets and screening therapeutic drugs for central nervous system diseases.

Nicotinamide mononucleotide; Central nervous system disease; Neuroprotection