Local anesthetics are a class of medications that can reversibly block the occurrence and transmission of sensory nerve impulses in the local administration area, which are widely used in clinic for skin and mucous membrane anesthesia, peripheral nerve block anesthesia, spinal nerve anesthesia, and the treatment of chronic pain. The adverse reactions of local anesthetics mainly include allergic reactions, cardiotoxicity, and neurotoxicity. The new dosage forms of local anesthetics include cutaneous administration and sustained-release formulations. The advantage of cutaneous administration is to achieve surface local anesthesia, avoid liver first pass effect, reduce local damage and stimulation caused by injection anesthesia, and improve patient tolerance. The sustained-release dosage form can help maintain a longer lasting anesthetic effect, avoid excessive blood drug concentration caused by rapid absorption of local anesthetic drugs, and thus reduce adverse drug reactions.

Anesthetics, local; Administration, cutaneous; Dosage forms; Safety; Drug- related side effects and adverse reactions