To report the target achievement of patients in Peking University First Hospital SLE (PKUFHS) cohort according to the treat-to-target (T2T) concept, and to provide evidence for the implementation of T2T in SLE in China.

Patients from the PKUFHS cohort were included. The epidemiological characteristics were collected, clinical manifestations, laboratory test results, SLEDAI and PGA scores, and medication use were collected at baseline and each follow-up visits. The achievement of lupus low disease activity status (LLDAS) and definition of remission of SLE (DORIS) at baseline and each follow-up visits were evaluated. Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the time to LLDAS and DORIS, as well as the cumulative achievement rates over the years. Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to describe the trend in cumulative achievement rates.

A total 632 patients with a median of 5.26 (3.43, 7.87) -year follow-up were included in this study. Of these patients, 83.2% (526/632) or 69.0% (436/612) achieved LLDAS or DORIS at least once, 46.8%(296/632) or 31.8% (167/632) were in LLDAS or DORIS at least half the time, and a total time of 48.8% (308/632) or 31.8%(167/632) were in LLDAS or DORIS during follow-up. The study further analyzed the attainment of each definition of LLDAS and DORIS criteria both at baseline and throughout the follow-up. Of the 586 patients who initially failed to meet either criteria, the median time to reach LLDAS or DORIS was approximately 20.4 (13.4, 37.1) months and 33.7 (19.9, 55.9) months, respectively.

Both LLDAS and DORIS can be applied to the clinical practice of T2T in SLE in China.

Lupus erythematosus, systemic; Treat-to-target; Remission