The result of liver transplantation (LT) for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is constrained by the high rates of tumor recurrence and metastasis. To remove this bottleneck, precise patient selection is crucial for individuals with HCC, and the goal of down-staging therapy is to transform patients exceeding transplantation criteria into suitable candidates. The difficulty in treating tumor recurrence and metastasis post-transplantation calls for more breakthroughs. Immunotherapy, as an emerging treatment modality, requires further exploration to enhance its safety and efficacy. The immunosuppression strategy is also a key factor in reducing tumor recurrence, requiring precise assessment and balanced control.

Carcinoma, hepatocellular; Liver transplantation; Recurrence